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Questions and Answers on Basic Knowledge of Stone Installation and Processing

2023-12-18

Q: stone dry hanging construction steps?

1. According to the construction drawings, weld the skeleton. Including, buried plate, square pass, foot code, etc.

2, according to the skeleton to stone materials, order

3. After the stone is processed and transported to the construction site, forklift will be required to unload the goods.

4. Stone installation: prepare stone pendant, marble glue and AB glue. Wrenches, hand cutters, etc. to save pendants. The stone in the middle is T-shaped pendant, and the upper and lower sides of the stone are slotted. 1 piece of stone with 4. 6 for 2 pieces of stone (the middle 2 are T-type shared).

5. After the stone is hung, make glass glue or weather-resistant glue (different indoor and outdoor)

Q: What are the precautions for stone installation?

(1) For the installation of light-colored stone, the owner needs to bring his own white cement and river sand; Dark stone can use ordinary cement; If it is directly paved on the wooden base, the owner also needs to prepare glass glue;

(2) The door cutting stone is best installed together with the floor tile, or it can be installed in front of the door cover line. The window sill can be installed in front of the last putty. The basin and stove can be installed a little later;

Q: Does the stone dry hanging have the maximum endurance?

Answer: The thickness of 30mm is generally required for dry hanging stone. The size, material and structural design of dry hanging keel of dry hanging stone should be taken into account. The maximum bearing capacity is determined according to the specific situation. When the dry hanging thickness of the stone is less than 25mm, add a strip on the back of the stone, and then open the dry hanging groove to make the total thickness reach more than 3mm, which meets the requirements of the dry hanging table.

Q: What are the precautions for the installation of table stone?

Answer: During the installation of the countertop, pay attention that the lower water baffle of the countertop cannot be fixed with glue, because the glue has a "life" and is in contact with liquid for a long time. Once it fails, the lower water baffle is easy to fall off and hurt people. The treatment method should be a combination of glue and stainless steel pendant. The weight of the lower water baffle is mainly considered to transfer the pendant to the steel frame. After the installation of the platen, the stone and the basin must be closed with weather-resistant glue to prevent the marble glue from failing under the action of water for a long time.

Q: What conditions should good builders have?

Answer:(1) have the ability to read maps (2) accept formal professional training (3) accumulate good experience

Q: How to do anti-skid treatment on the stair treadsWhat?

Answer: Add anti-slip device, rough surface treatment, cutting treatment

Q: The common method of pasting marble in construction?

Answer: Generally, there are three methods: dry hanging, adhesive and wet sticking.

Q: What is the stone dry hanging process?

Answer: 1. The principle of the dry hanging method of stone decorative panels is to set the main stress points on the main structure, and fix the stone on the building through metal pendants to form a stone decorative curtain wall.

2, where the shear wall structure, can be directly fixed by expansion bolts or embedded iron parts. For frame light wall structure, because the wall cannot directly fix the pendant, it is necessary to fix the pendant by installing a metal skeleton. According to the material distinction of metal skeleton, there are mainly two kinds of steel skeleton and aluminum skeleton. The former is low in cost, but needs galvanizing and anti-corrosion treatment. The latter is high in cost due to thickening or aircraft materials;

Q: What are the main advantages of stone slate dry hanging method?

Answer: There are three main advantages:

First, it can effectively avoid the phenomenon of hollowing, cracking and falling off of the plate in the traditional wet paste process, and obviously improve the safety and durability of the building;

Second, it can completely avoid the phenomenon of whitening and discoloration of the board surface of the traditional wet paste process, which is conducive to keeping the curtain wall clean and beautiful;

Third, to a certain extent, improve the working conditions of construction personnel, reduce labor intensity, but also help to speed up the progress of the project.

Q: What materials can be used to make toilet shower room floor and washbasin floor waterproof and antifouling?

Answer: It is generally recommended to use less cave stones and do a good job of anti-skid treatment in toilets to prevent water and pollution. If stone is protected, six-sided protection and permeable protective agent can be used, which can not only keep the waterproof, anti-fouling and abrasion resistance of the stone, but also keep the breathing of the stone.

Q: What are the main disadvantages of the traditional wet paste process?

Answer: In the early 1980 s, the old technology of adding steel mesh to the wall surface, fixing the plate with copper wire, and pouring cement mortar in layers was adopted for the installation of stone veneer on the exterior wall and interior wall of the building. This process has many disadvantages for the outer wall surface. Not only is calcium bicarbonate precipitated (white frost) and water stains after cement mortar is pasted on the board, which causes the wall surface stone to change color, form color difference and pollute the wall surface. But also due to temperature changes and other reasons, it is easy to cause common quality defects such as wall hollowing, cracking and even falling off.

Q: When using stone in a large area, how to effectively control the color difference and color spots of the stone?

Answer:(1) using the same mining platform of the original stone (2) before the large section color bottom comparison (3) bridge shear color (4) screening defects (5) according to the actual situation in the site before hanging again (6) to ensure that according to the number of hanging

Q: The bottom of the outer wall commonly used water stains and pollution surface, what is the way to overcome the prevention?

Answer:(1) dry drainage method (2) airtight protective injection treatment (3) dark stone is used in design

Q: How to determine whether the strength of the stone fixed iron is sufficient?

Answer:(1) strength calculation (2) load test (3) surface anti-corrosion treatment

Q: When the column is attached to the stone, the structural column should be designed to be round or square?

Answer: depending on the stone processing method

(1) Heterosexual stone-square column is easier to make

(2) Arc-cylinder is easier to apply

(3) Line plate-cylinder is easier to make

Q: natural decorative sheet according to the thickness, divided into which categories?

Answer: Natural decorative stone plates are divided into conventional plates, thin plates, ultra-thin plates and thick plates according to product types.

(1) Conventional plate: 20mm thick

(2) Sheet: 10-15mm

(3) Ultra-thin plate:<8mm (for buildings with weight reduction requirements, or to save materials)

(4) thick plate: more than 20mm thick plate (for stressed ground or external wall) conventional plate 20mm thick for the national standard, is the data obtained after strict testing, more secure in the application of safety.

Q: What is the difference between a revolving staircase and a hotel revolving staircase?

Answer:(1) the general radius of the revolving staircase is relatively small, the distortion is large, and the processing is difficult;

(2) The civil construction of the home improvement ladder is not standardized, and the measurement error is large, which brings difficulty to the lofting;

(3) The construction team of home improvement is small in scale, limited in technical force, and poor in lofting and installation level. Mainly rely on the stone processing factory technical personnel responsible for the lofting, lofting personnel to bear the responsibility of heavy, high risk;

(4) The design of the home improvement ladder to block the river is generally relatively simple;

(5) The hotel ladder is less difficult to process than the home improvement ladder.

Q: How to reasonably require smooth and clean stone after the completion of the construction?

Answer: stone before construction should confirm the stone gloss, after the completion of the stone should require the following three points:

(1) No obvious scratches on the stone surface

(2) The surface is clean and free of foreign matter

(3) the surface at a certain angle of uniform refractive effect

Q: White and light-colored series of stones are often restricted in their use due to easy pollution and discoloration. How can they be overcome in design and protection?

Answer:(1) try to use dry construction method (2) design at high places (3) design stone thickening (4) add protective treatment

Q: What is a stone pillar?

Answer: Stone column refers to solid core or hollow core column for architectural decoration made of marble and granite. According to the different types of stone selected, it can be divided into marble stone column and granite stone column. According to the shape characteristics of the column, it can be divided into Roman column, plum blossom column, twisted column, railing column, carved column, multi-prism, monochrome column and multi-color column. According to the cross-sectional size, it can be divided into equal diameter columns with equal cross-section, tapered columns with unequal cross-section and drum columns.

Q: Why do you want to make stone typesetting?

Answer: stone typesetting effect is directly related to the overall decorative effect. Due to the color difference and appearance defect of natural stone, the product should be typeset to achieve the perfect decorative effect. Typography refers to arranging the processed products one by one according to the axis position, area, elevation, secondary elevation, floor and other parts in the plan of the drawing to observe the on-site effect. If the color is different, adjust and replace it in time.

Q: When stone is matched with window frames, glass or metal curtain walls, how should the order be arranged more reasonably?

Answer: The principle of soft with hard, that is, the stone is processed first, and the window frame and glass metal curtain are arranged later.

Q: What are the main types of stone surface effects?

Answer: The surface effects of stone mainly include: smooth surface, matte surface, pickling surface, sandblasting surface, burning surface, chopped axe surface, litchi surface, hammering surface, drawing surface, antique surface, mushroom surface, natural fracture surface and special surface.

Q: What does granite mean by 60, 70 and 80 heads?

Answer: Does 70 heads mean that the height is 630~730mm? Is 750mm 70 heads or 80 heads? Answer: A 60-head board generally refers to a width of 60, but the length is not limited. For example, 60 heads refer to a little more than 60 (margin) of hairy board, which is used to make 60 high finished boards. 70 heads and 80 heads are the same as above. In addition, 750mm is 70 heads, just a little loss.

Q: How do you classify waste materials due to different plastic methods?

Answer:(1) sawing surface waste material: all six surfaces have been sawn

(2) Split surface blocks: only part of the six surfaces are sawn

Q: What are the factors that affect stone processing?

Answer:(1) Hardness-The greater the hardness, the more difficult the processing, and the greater the wear on the tool.

(2) mineral composition and chemical composition-such as granite quartz and feldspar content of about high, the more difficult to process.

(3) the structure of the rock-such as uniform particles, fine, high density of stone easy to process.

Q: Why is the stone numbered?

Answer:(1) convenient processing

(2) easy to identify

(3) Conducive to site construction and installation

(4) easy to control the color difference, tracking line

Q: why do you want to edge stone?

Answer: In order to embellish the side decoration and corner joints to facilitate a smooth transition. Generally, a hand-held grinder table is used to see the light edge or a manual electric edging machine is used to grind the light edge.

Q: What is the use of stone skimming and skimming?

Answer: In order to make the contact point of various corner stones just on the sharp point of the angle, people can feel the stability of the corner and highlight the overall effect. Generally, the hand-cranked cutting machine table adopts positive skimming and back skimming according to different materials.

Q: What is the difference between stone pillars and circular arc plates?

Answer: The difference is that the circular arc plate is only used to wrap the decorative column and is a part of the outer surface of the cylinder; the stone column is a solid core or hollow core integral cylinder or splicing cylinder.

Q: What is sandblasting?

Answer: ordinary river sand or emery instead of high-pressure water scouring the stone surface to form a smooth decorative surface with frosted effect.

Q: What are the technical requirements of marble industry?

A: Due to the different application of natural marble, its industrial technical requirements have different emphasis. The main requirement of natural marble blocks is that the blocks must have a rectangular parallelepiped shape. The size of the block requires that the length is greater than or equal to 100cm, the width is greater than or equal to 50cm, and the height is greater than or equal to 70cm. Appearance quality requires that the tone patterns of the same batch of blocks should be basically the same; the appearance quality grades of missing corners, missing edges, cracks, etc. of blocks should meet the requirements of Table 4.25.6. Physical performance requirements: bulk density of not less than 2.6g/cm3; water absorption rate of not more than 0.75; dry compression strength of not less than 20MPa; bending strength of not less than 7.0MPa.

Q: How to use natural marble and its technical standards?

Answer: marble fine texture, pattern changeable, bright color, easy processing and polishing, but low hardness, wear resistance than granite. Mainly used for indoor floor, wall, windowsill and cylinder finish. Technical standards are "natural marble building materials" (JC79-84). The setting plate is square or rectangular. The general specification is (300-I220)mmX(15-915)mmx(8~20)mm. The introduction of foreign sheet production line product specifications for 300 mmX150mmX8mm. The most popular specifications in the world are (100-600)mmx(200-305)mmx(7-IO)mm.

Q: What products can stone do?

Answer: Stone can do a very wide range of products, as long as it is wood can do, stone can do, and the hardness and effect are better than wooden products, more magnificent.

Q: natural granite/marble should meet four physical performance indicators:

Answer: category bulk density (g/cm3) water absorption (%) dry compression degree (MPa) bending degree (WPa) granite ≧ 2.56 ≦ 0.60 ≧ 100 ≧ 8.0 marble ≧ 2.60 ≦ 5.0 ≧ 50 ≧ 7.0

Q: What is the electrolytic stone?

Answer: Electrolytic stone is 1 bar to change the color of the stone into the electric furnace, and then heated to a certain temperature, heat preservation for a certain period of time to change color, this is the so-called electrolytic stone. Some stones need to be protected by drugs to achieve the desired effect.

Q: What are the classifications of natural stone wash basins?

A:(1) according to the material division: can be divided into granite wash basin, marble wash basin, sandstone wash basin, limestone wash basin, jade wash basin and so on.

(2) According to the installation method, it can be divided into column basin (column type), table basin (table type) and hanging basin (wall type). Among them, the basin is divided into two types: the basin on the table and the basin under the table.

(3) according to the way the tap opening points: can be divided into non hole basin, single hole basin and three hole basin.

(4) by purpose: can be divided into bathroom tub, kitchen basin and laundry basin.

Q: What is the meaning of thick?

Answer: Because the thickness of the plate is generally not consistent and has deviation, it is necessary to set the thickness in key parts to ensure the overall effect, such as the corners or cover plates of the overall wall surface, in order to prevent unevenness and waves from affecting the appearance. After the thickness is fixed, there shall be no edge collapse or angle. Measure with a ruler against the plate to ensure a straight line. There shall be no concave, convex and inconsistent sizes at both ends.